Only if it was issued in an EU or EEA country or a recognised state. Citizens Information lists the recognised states as Australia, some Canadian provinces, Georgia, Gibraltar, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, Japan, Jersey, Moldova, New Zealand, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan and the UK, including Northern Ireland.
If your licence is from anywhere else, NDLS won't exchange it, and a translation doesn't change that, however well it's done. You go through the Irish licensing process from the theory test, although Citizens Information says you then need 6 essential driver training lessons rather than 12.
The Canadian provinces on the list are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario and Saskatchewan. Not every licence category can be exchanged in every case, so check the NDLS rules for your country before applying.